Answer:
The Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century paved the way for the Industrial Revolution in Britain. New farming techniques and improved livestock breeding led to amplified food production. This allowed a spike in population and increased health. The new farming techniques also led to an enclosure movement.
Explanation:
The most important political system with multiple political parties is a democracy: for example in the US the Republicans and the Democrats struggle for power.
In constitutional monarchy, such as in the UK, there can also be multiple parties, that rule together with the monarch (or alone and the monarch is just a representative function).
Some forms of oligarchy could also see multiple political parties, although this case is rare.
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Most likely Abraham and Moses, Abraham was the founder of Judaism but Moses is who the Jews look up to, their god.