I think that the best choice for this would have to be Paragraph 6, I could be wrong but I'm pretty sure I'm not. The reason I think that paragraph is the correct option is because it provides more detail, but what really sold me is the line that says "....and enable African Americans to better integrate into American society as a whole.” That shows that they are given opportunity to show off their works and make a better living for themselves, which is exactly what this question is asking/looking for.
“Artists held the belief that through intellect, literature, art, and music, their work could challenge racism and enable African Americans to better integrate into American society as a whole.” (Paragraph 6)
From the definition of absolute phrases we know that it is a modifier that attaches to a sentence without a conjunctution. So, we can say "his chubby legs, pumping" is the correct answer.
Your answer would be, The effects of social forces on behavior.
Hope that helps!!!
