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A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new law. In some countries, it is synonymous with a plebiscite or a vote on a ballot question.
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La historia de las matemáticas es el área de estudio de investigaciones sobre los orígenes de descubrimientos en matemáticas, de los métodos de la evolución de sus conceptos y también en cierto grado, de los matemáticos involucrados. El surgimiento de la matemática en la historia humana está estrechamente relacionado con el desarrollo del concepto del número, proceso que ocurrió de manera muy gradual en las comunidades humanas primitivas. Aunque disponían de una cierta capacidad de estimar tamaños y magnitudes, no poseían inicialmente una noción de número. Así, los números más allá de dos o tres, no tenían nombre, de modo que utilizaban alguna expresión equivalente a "muchos" para referirse a un conjunto mayor.1
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This geographic polarization makes the population politically speaking to be very divided because these points of geographical difference are very significant for determining political polarization.
Classical Political Geography has as its precursor the German geographer Friedrich Ratzel, who laid the scientific and systematizing bases for this science with the publication, in 1897, of the work Political Geography. For Ratzel, the strength of the State was closely linked to space - in its shape, extent, relief, climate and availability of natural resources -, to its position - social relations established between the State and its circulating environment at the national and international level - and, finally, to the sense (or spirit) of the people, which represented the strength of that determined people in relation to another. These ideas, understood in a simplistic and distorted way, would be known as "geographic determinism". (Geographical determinism, however, occurs when natural elements are given the sole role in defining the constitutive aspects of societies.)
