The characteristics of realism are related to ability to demonstrate reality in the most believable way possible.
Realistic artists were preoccupied with presenting a more contemporary reality based on the truthfulness of the facts, unlike the previous literary school, Romanticism, in which idealization, egocentrism and subjectivity were the most important characteristics.
Romanticism emphasized personal and subjective themes, full of sentimentality, sensitivity and idealism.
I believe that the first and last paragraphs are realism because of their cynical descriptions of harsh things, and the middle two are romanticism because of their embellished/elegant descriptions.
