Transcription forms RNA, while translation forms a polypeptide amino acid chain. Through a long process the polypeptide amino acid chain will eventually synthesize a protein.
Because the organism is distributed across the world, and isn't seen anymore, scientists can conclude tat they must have evolved. They can compare one species to the fossils they may have found, and determine that they were related. Then by looking at the species on another part of the world compare the same fossils to other animals and determine that they are similar, sharing a common ancestor.
