Answer: After the hurricane, Galveston raised the elevation of many new buildings by more than 10 feet (3 meters). The city also built an extensive seawall to act as a buffer against future storms. Despite the reconstruction, the city's status as the premier shipping port was lost to Houston a few years after the disaster. Ike, however, is projected to head west on a path that will take it close to Hispaniola, Cuba, and the Florida Straits.”
Explanation:
The name for such a hole is "caldera" which is a word of Spanish origin meaning "a pot" or a "cooking pot" (thing of cauldron!) - and this word is used because it resembles the shape of this hole.
Often the Calderas are filled with water forming lakes and often there is an island in the middle of the water.
Answer:
Hurricanes need a lot of heat to form, which is why they usually occur over tropical seas (at least 26°C).
The sun is close to the equator, providing energy to heat the ocean.
The warm ocean heats the air above it causing it to rise rapidly.
Water evaporates quickly from the hot surface of the ocean, so the rising air contains great amounts of water vapour.
The rising air starts to spin (anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere)
The centre of the storm - the eye - is calm.
As the air rises it cools, condenses and forms towering cumulonimbus clouds.
The rapidly rising air creates an area of intense low pressure. The low pressure sucks in air, causing very strong winds.
Once the storm moves over land it starts to lose energy and fades.
Explanation:
Answer: large-scale horizontal movements of continents relative to one another and to the ocean basins during one or more episodes of geologic time. This concept was an important precursor to the development of the theory of plate tectonics, which incorporates it.The idea of a large-scale displacement of continents has a long history. Noting the apparent fit of the bulge of eastern South America into the bight of Africa, the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt theorized about 1800 that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean had once been joined. Some 50 years later, Antonio Snider-Pellegrini, a French scientist, argued that the presence of identical fossil plants in both North American and European coal deposits could be explained if the two continents had formerly been connected, a relationship otherwise difficult to account for. In 1908 Frank B. Taylor of the United States invoked the notion of continental collision to explain the formation of some of the world’s mountain ranges.
Explanation:
