It was mostly characterized by imperialistic notions of exploiting the local populace through mining and delegating different types of industries in these countries while at the same time paying the local population very small amounts in wages, compared to what they would have to pay in Britain or other European countries.
The Shang and Xia dynasties were alike in that they did not have an emperor, strictly speaking. The Qin was the first, with emperor Qin Shi Huangdi (lit. "the first emperor") ruling monarchically; the Han followed after his death. The Qin and Han dynasties both established important precedents for modern China. They were different in that Ghana was an older polity, having collapsed before Mali would rise to power. Additionally, while each kingdom coexisted alongside the great Islamic powers of the time, Mali's rulers converted to Islam whereas Ghana's did not.
Answer:
1) No Ac
2) No video games
3) No electric lights
4) no online learning
5) no refrigerators
The list goes on, try to think about how technology and electricity help you in your day-to-day life
Collective bargaining was used by unions to allow the union leaders to negotiate wages, labor contusions, etc with employers. The goal was to increase wages, better working conditions, etc.