Ans.
The Che proteins (chemotaxis proteins) are cytoplasmic proteins that play an important role in signal transduction pathways between the repellent or attractant and flagellar motor switch of a bacterium. Bacterial cell membranes contain different chemoreceptors for different attractants and repellents.
When a repellent or attractant binds with a chemoreceptor, stimulation of signal-transduction pathway occurs. It sends a signal to the cytoplasmic domain of receptor, which interacts with Che proteins, present at cytoplasm. The rate of auto-phosphorylation decreases when an attractant binds with receptor, while the rate of auto-phosphorylation increases when an attractant binds with receptor.
Thus, 'the attractant enhances smooth swimming and counterclockwise rotation towards the chemical source, which repellent enhances tumbling clockwise rotation away from a chemical source.'
After phosphates and nitrates enter a water system, the steps of eutrophication include the rapid growth of algae, death of underwater plant species, depletion of oxygen in the water, and the death of fishes and invertebrates. The correct option would be B.
Eutrophication refers to the excessive enrichment of water bodies by nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates thereby facilitating the rapid growth of some aquatic species with negative effects.
Once a water body becomes excessively enriched with phosphates and nitrates, the following is a sequence of events that follows:
- Algal bloom: the nutrients facilitate the rapid growth of algae
- The bloom of algal species results in the death of underwater plants as a result of inadequate light.
- The death of the underwater plants and the accompanying microbial activities in decomposing them cause oxygen levels in the water to drop.
- Reduction in oxygen level causes fishes and other water invertebrates to die due to hypoxia
Therefore, the correct steps of eutrophication according to the illustration is IV, II, I, and III.
More on eutrophication can be found here: brainly.com/question/13232104
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<span>Much like a cell, a virus is able to
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<span> change over time.
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Answer:
he science fiction film Splice, released 2009, shows scientists mixing together human and animal DNA in the hopes of advancing medical research at the pharmaceutical company that they work at. Calamitous results occur.
Explanation:
Well, after seeing the figure, and starting from the left the magnetic poles are shown like NORTH, SOUTH NORTH, SOUTH. so your option will be the first one