Answer: In the proposed case, the light absorption is the variable to be understood <em>- </em>that is, the dependent and aimed observation<em> -</em> by exposing the pigment - the ready thing -, to the four picked color lights in a given experiment.
It can also be inferred about the other hidden concept in the question: controlled variables. Those are the different light colors, because there is choice and control of application of this parameter in the experiment. The pigment came ready, but the lights are chosen to test the light absorption.
Therefore, if the<u> light absorption is the dependent</u>, and the lights are the controlled, <u>the pigment rests as the independent variable.</u>
⇒The pigment is the independent variable, the light absorption is the dependent. (and the lights the controlled variable)