Question

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Answer 1

It is quite true though Abu Bakr (R.A) was made the Caliph by doing Qayas. 
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The Companions decided that Abu Bakr (R.A) was to become the Caliph through Qayas; the secondary source of Islamic Law (Shariah). The meaning of the word Qayas is comparison. The Companions saw that when once the Prophet was sick He asked Abu Bakr (R.A) to lead the prayers but as he was late Umar (R.A) started. When the Prophet heard Umar's voice and not Abu Bakr's he said to re read the prayers by that time Abu Bakr had arrived so then Abu Bakr lead the prayers.
Secondly they saw that Abu Bakr was the Prophets closest Companion and the childhood friend so they chose him.
The Shiyas were bitter because they believed that Ali (R.A) deserved Caliphate though it was not the desire of Ali (R.A) himself. 
The Sunni Shiyas problems got a lot worse during the times of Usman (R.A) who was the third Caliph.