B. It supports the backstory of Curtis and Ralp growing up together.
Okay this is what I would say: Hi! Thank you so much for your invite! I really appreciate it. Even though I would love to come to Europe I think it would be better for me to stay in my own country. I have no idea what Europe is like, I have school and a life here, and even though I would love to come visit I just could not really see myself living there. I hope you understand. Thanks!
Answer:
Research the author’s name and institution to try to find a research agenda or C.V. (academic resume) as this may mention the author’s qualifications.
Explanation:
An author's disciplinary affiliation is something that has been built up throughout his academic life, including the teaching institutions, the projects he participated in, the articles previously written, his undergraduate, graduate and any other specialization he had during academic training.
In this case, the best way to find out about disciplinary affiliation is to search the author's name and the institution to try to find a research agenda or C.V. (academic curriculum), as you can mention the author's qualifications.
1 is unclear, please take a better picture
2. x-18=-5, add 18 to both sides so x=13
3. square both sides and get x-8=-x+2, add x to both sides, get 2x-8=2, add 8 to both sides, get 2x=10, divide both sides by 10 and get x=5
4. use distance formula
√( (x-x`)^2 + (y-y`)^2 ) = d
√( (4+5)^2 + (x-8)^2 ) = √155
√ ( 81+x^(2)-16x+64 ) = √155
[I'm not sure how to go from here]