It is a adverb clause.
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The answer is B, The relative pronoun is that; it functions as part of the adverb clause.
Emily Dickinson wrote about what she knew and about what intrigued her. A keen observer, she used images from nature, religion, law, music, commerce, medicine, fashion, and domestic activities to probe universal themes: the wonders of nature, the identity of the self, death and immortality, and love.
Expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court which gives rise to its judgement