Answer:
inserting DNA binding proteins into the main groove of the double helix structure where the edges of the nitrogen bases lie.
Explanation:
Those responsible for speed modification are the proteins that interact with them. This type of regulation is called trans regulation. One of the first proteins of this type that was characterized and cloned was SP1 that recognizes GC boxes. Afterwards, numerous trans regulation proteins have been discovered, such as inducible factors that bind to the response elements.
The regulatory proteins that bind to DNA are capable of attaching both enhancers and the above elements. They can interact with each other before attaching to the DNA or they can act independently. The same protein can be fixed to an enhancer and an element or they can be different proteins. Some regulatory proteins activate transcription and others inhibit it. Proteins fixed in enhancers cooperate with those fixed in elements to control transcription. Its overall effect will be the result of its activating and inhibiting effects. Cell-specific regulatory proteins are present in very small amounts in the cell.
The study of regulatory proteins has revealed very common characteristics among them. In this way, it is known that each of these proteins contains at least two domains:
»The DNA binding domain that allows the protein to recognize its" target "genes and
»The domain of action on transcription that will cause the positive or negative effects of the protein on transcription.
It has been shown that both types of domain are interchangeable between the different transcription factors. In this way, a protein constituted by a transcription activation domain from a mammalian transcription factor coupled to a DNA binding domain from a yeast will be perfectly functional and will activate all genes that have the target sequence of the domain. DNA fixation.
