Drought and damage to farm land.
        
             
        
        
        
<span>c. africa as slaves.
Historical records indicate that in the 17th century, a few Muslims were brought in from Africa as slaves. They were kidnapped from West Africa and sold into slavery in America. The  African slaves were split up from their families and community members which destroyed the structure of the family in which Islam is based.<span>
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 here your answer.............

The War in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) began in October, 2001 in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.
Operation Enduring Freedom most commonly refers to the U.S.-led combat mission in Afghanistan.[11][12] OEF is also affiliated with counter-terrorism operations in other countries targeting Al Qaeda and remnants of the Taliban, such as OEF-Philippines and OEF-Trans Sahara, primarily through government funding vehicles.[13][14]
- Operation Enduring Freedom – (OEF), 7 October 2001 – 31 December 2014. Succeeded by Operation Freedom's Sentinel.[17]
- Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (OEF-P, formerly Operation Freedom Eagle), 15 January 2002 – 24 February 2015[18][19]
- Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA)
- Operation Enduring Freedom – Pankisi Gorge[20]
- Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS; see also Insurgency in the Maghreb)
- Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America (OEF-CCA)[21]
- Operation Enduring Freedom – Kyrgyzstan,[22] 18 December 2001 – 3 June 2014[23]
<h2>Mark me in brainlist please</h2>
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The answer is c. denouement.