Horizontal integration is when a company buys out their competitors or other companies in the same field as them in order to decrease price competition, and consumers will have no choice but to purchase from Carnegie.
Therefore, by buying out his competitors, such as Allegheny Steel, Carnegie used the concept of horizontal integration to build up his monopoly of the steel industry.
19 liters would be equal to 19 mililiters
In 1846, the Oregon boundary dispute between the U.S. and Britain was settled with the signing of the Oregon Treaty. The British gained sole possession of the land north of the 49th parallel and all of Vancouver Island, with the United States receiving the territory south of that line.
