Answer:
a. reasons for the rise of democracy
Explanation:
Growing nationalism and militarism in Europe and the creation of secret alliances were reasons for the rise of democracy.
Before the widespread use of democracy, governments were more military in nature and brasses without the care for diplomacy, or allies, but all that changed with democracy.
Dickens meant that the establishment does not actually interpret the law well.
Explanation:
Dickens was one of the harshest critics of the Victorian England and the life of the people who worked in the factories.
He laid the blame on the administration who were not helping the people out enough to live their lives.
This was because the law was being interpreted to suit their own designs and their own ways of life according to Dickens.
When the interpreters of law began to read the law books in their own accordance there was no way for the people to seek justice in the country.