Answer: The Zionist movement began and led to the settlement and creation of modern Israel.
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Anti-Semitism was strong in Europe already in the Middle Ages, when Jews were accused of such things as spreading the plague by poisoning wells, or using the blood of murdered Christians to make the matzah for their Passover rituals. The term "anti-Semitism" as a description for hostile opposition to the Jewish people was first used by Wilhelm Marr in 1879 in Germany. Marr supported campaigns against Jews and began using the term "anti-Semitism" as a euphemism for what better might have been called "Jew-hating."
The main Zionist movement was largely secular in nature, focused on establishing a homeland for anyone of Jewish ethnicity. Theodore Herzl is typically credited with getting the secular Zionist movement started with his book, <em>Der Judenstaat </em>("The Jews' State), published in 1896. Herzl also led in the founding of the World Zionist Organization, established by the First World Zionist Congress held in Switzerland in 1897. Convinced that the Jews would never truly be welcomed or assimilated within the countries of Europe, Herzl argued for establishment of their own homeland somewhere. Eventually that "somewhere" became a movement focused on going back to the ancestral land of Israel.
These diseases wiped out many of the Indigenous people who lived in the Americas. They had never been exposed to these and were very weak against them. However, Africans had already been exposed to Europeans years prior. They have built up resistance to these diseases. So, Europeans began to ship out Africans to the Americas because they could work and not fall susceptible to European diseases like the Indigenous did.
The thing that Puritans, Quakers, and Catholics living in England in the 1600s all had in common is that they were in the religious minority, which is why many of them chose to form new lives in the New World.
Eight countries—the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia—became members in 2004; Bulgaria and Romania followed in 2007. A Europe of nation-states would be preferable to the disjointed, ineffectual EU of today.
In the 19th century Europe was divided into many different nation states. ... New nationalist states were the result of many wars that broke out thought Europe. Wars such as the Austro-Prussian War in 1852 crushed Austria's influence on nationalism.
