The aristocracy paid the least in taxes under the Old Regime.
The word accel means to go faster, so true.
Appointed city officials are appointed for positions like police and fire chiefs and sanitation managers. These officials are lower than council members. They make sure that city policies are followed within their respective departments. They also advise regarding changes in policy for their respective departments. They are also involved in hiring and firing employees in the departments.
The Red Scare or communism