Answer: i)Definition - also known as a flat tax, imposes a constant tax rate throughout the tax base.
Explanation:
ii) As the tax base increases, the taxes paid increase proportionally.
iii) The marginal tax rate remains constant and equals the average tax rate across the tax base
iv) The most common example of a proportional tax is a sales tax.
In Europe the pope became powerful enough that they were above the law, cannon law became a thing giving ecclesiastical people the right to be tried by other monks instead of a normal court. The power of kings decreased during this time as well. Thus leading to christianity and the pope to being the higher authority. Therefore it influenced other aspects in medieval life.
The answer is given by the second sentence which explains that “Railroads provided cheap and fast transportation for both raw materials and products.”. Aside from this, another reason was because agricultural products were being overproduced by that time. There were too many products available in the market which is why the prices became too low.