The United States suffered many costly defeats at the hands of British, Canadian and Native American troops over the course of the War of 1812, including the capture and burning of the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., in August 1814.
Due to the rise of industrialism, the north was mostly comprised by factories. In addition, white men in the north were literate at a higher rate than men in the South. Men in the north tended to be businessmen, scientists, etc (i.e. professionals as opposed to plantation owners/farmers like in the south). The south had a higher rate of illiteracy than the north, and was deeply influenced by an economy that depended on slavery and agriculture to thrive.
The answer is D, the Know Nothings.
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