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torisob [31]
3 years ago
15

Buenas tardes, necesito porfavor la historia y arte del hinduismo, doy 15 puntos, gracias.

History
1 answer:
Galina-37 [17]3 years ago
4 0
Historia:

Las creencias y prácticas religiosas básicas de hinduismo no pueden entenderse fuera de su contexto histórico. A pesar de que resulta imposible situar los primeros textos y eventos, su desarrollo cronológico general se puede seguir con mucha claridad.

En el valle del río Indo floreció, alrededor del 2000 a.C., una civilización muy desarrollada, en las proximidades de las localidades de Harappa y Mohenjo-Daro. Más o menos en el 1500 a.C., cuando las tribus arias invadieron la India, esta civilización cayó en decadencia. Según los vestigios actuales resulta imposible saber si estas dos civilizaciones tuvieron o no algún tipo de contacto significativo. Sin embargo, muchos elementos propios del hinduismo que no estaban presentes en la civilización védica, como el culto fálico y el dedicado a las diosas, el bañarse en los estanques de los templos y las posturas del yoga, pueden ser derivadas de la civilización del valle del Indo.

Hacia el año 1500 a.C., los arios ya estaban asentados en el Punjab. Llevaban consigo su panteón de dioses indoeuropeos, que era principalmente masculino, y una sencilla ética guerrera y mundana aunque profundamente religiosa. Los dioses del panteón védico sobrevivieron en el hinduismo tardío, pero ya no volvieron a ser objeto de culto: Indra, rey de los dioses y dios de la tormenta y de la fertilidad; Agni, dios del fuego; Soma, dios de la soma (planta sagrada y con cuya bebida se embriagaban). Más o menos en el 900 a.C., el uso del hierro hizo posible que los arios pudieran desplazarse hacia el sur, al rico valle del río Ganges, donde desarrollaron una civilización y un sistema social mucho más avanzado. Durante el siglo VI a.C., el budismo comenzó a dejar sus huellas en la India, lo que se transformaría a lo largo del milenio en una interacción muy fructífera con el hinduismo.

Arte:

se caracteriza principalmente por ser un reflejo de la compleja sociedad india, multiétnica y multicultural. Asimismo tiene un carácter principalmente religioso, sirviendo el arte como medio de transmisión de las distintas religiones que han jalonado la India: hinduismo, budismo, islamismo, cristianismo, etc. También hay que destacar como rasgo distintivo del arte indio su afán de integración con la naturaleza, como adaptación al orden universal, teniendo en cuenta que la mayor parte de elementos naturales (montañas, ríos, árboles) tienen para los indios un carácter sagrado.
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