Question

Why did many former colonies often experience difficulties when they achieved independence?

Answer 1

Colonies established under New Imperialism were primarily seen by Europeans as sources for the Raw materials needed for Industrial production, and as markets for the finished goods. As such, European powers did not create much industrial infrastructure. Further, while Europeans did establish schools and hospitals, they were primarily staffed by Europeans, and most of the colonized individuals were not given oppurtunities in higher education. Thus when colonies became independent and all the Europeans went home, they left behind underdeveloped infrastructure, and populations that did not have many educated officials (due to European policies, no one should ever blame the colonized for these problems).

Answer 2

In many cases, colonies were developed or even formed for the benefit of some colonial power. The needs and views of the population were not fully considered. This made independence difficult. For example, many states, such as Indonesia, had extreme ethnic diversity, which can lead to conflict. The economies of some states were structured to benefit the colonial powers, causing economic hardships after independence. Economic and political challenges often created political instability, resulting in dictatorships, such as in the Philippines, or military rule, such as in Cambodia and Burma (Myanmar).