Colonies established under New Imperialism were primarily seen by Europeans as sources for the Raw materials needed for Industrial production, and as markets for the finished goods. As such, European powers did not create much industrial infrastructure.
Further, while Europeans did establish schools and hospitals, they were primarily staffed by Europeans, and most of the colonized individuals were not given oppurtunities in higher education. Thus when colonies became independent and all the Europeans went home, they left behind underdeveloped infrastructure, and populations that did not have many educated officials (due to European policies, no one should ever blame the colonized for these problems).
In many cases, colonies were developed or even formed for the benefit of some colonial power. The needs and views of the population were not fully considered. This made independence difficult. For example, many states, such as Indonesia, had extreme ethnic diversity, which can lead to conflict. The economies of some states were structured to benefit the colonial powers, causing economic hardships after independence. Economic and political challenges often created political instability, resulting in dictatorships, such as in the Philippines, or military rule, such as in Cambodia and Burma (Myanmar).
Both the united states & japan industrialized without any influence from other countries. both countries surround by rapid urbanized following industrialization.
The cost and benefit of farming show in this situation is that successful harvest not guaranteed due to weather, but more people can cooperate to build better shelters. People are still subject to the volubity of nature, but cooperation helps people to survive and adapt in a better way to the environment, thus assuring the survival of the specie.
