Answer:
They affect chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, thus speeding up the reactions.
You can rub a permanent magnet against something else that can be magnetized, like a paper clip.
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<span>Using the longer chromosomal pair when modeling crossing-over helps the observer's see the pattern in a spread-out example.</span>
Having two copies of the mutated genes cause sickle cell anemia, but having just one copy does not, and can actually protect against malaria - an example of how mutations are sometimes beneficial.
The majority of mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the organism in which they occur. These mutations are called neutral mutations. Examples include silent point mutations. They are neutral because they do not change the amino acids in the proteins they encode.
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