Answer:
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Explanation:
Each year approximately 42,000 people are killed on the nation’s highways, and 3 million are injured. The cost of these crashes approached $182 billion in 1999 (NSC 2000). Highway fatalities account for approximately 95 percent of transportation-related deaths (BTS 1999, Table 3-1). Indeed, the annual highway death toll is equivalent to a jet airliner crashing and killing everyone on board every day of the year. Highway crashes represent the single largest category of accidental deaths and the most frequent cause of death among children and young adults (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2001). (Box 5-1 shows some additional statistical comparisons.)
Significant improvements have been made in highway safety during the last several decades. From 1988 to 1999, for example, the number of highway fatalities dropped from 47,087 to 41,611, an 11.6 percent decline, and the fatality rate in deaths per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) dropped from 2.3 to 1.5, a 34.8 percent decline. During the same period, the injury rate dropped from 169 to 120 per 100 million VMT, a 29.0 percent decline. There have also been reductions in alcohol-related deaths and pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities and increases in the use of safety belts. These advances are due to improvements in vehicles (safety belts, airbags, crash-worthiness), infrastructure design (roundabouts, shoulder rumble strips), roadside hardware (guardrail end treatments, breakaway signposts and light
