Political parties shape public policy by establishing the link and communication between the rulers and the governed, in order to increase the participation of society in the political sphere, contributing strongly to a political and ideological awareness of the citizens, with the intention of getting involved with the democratic process, be it electoral, during the elections, or governmental, which encompasses actions carried out by the spheres of power.
B) to officially separate from england
The Ottoman wars in Europe were a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states dating from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century.
But I would tell about the main one which change the face of Europe.
1453 — fall of Constantinople that was a great start to conquer Europe.
The attackers were commanded by the Sultan Mehmed II, who defeated an army commanded by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos and took control of the imperial capital, ending a 53-day siege that began on 6 April 1453.