Question

The Hobbit

Answer 1

Tonight he has earned his place as being the patron (benefactor: a person who gives money or other to help a person or cause); and he is worthy of many everlasting songs... But why, Oh people (of the town)... Why do I get all your blame? What have I done to have you decide to dismiss me from my place? Who awoke the dragon from his sleep, I ask you? Who restrained us of enjoying rich gifts and more than enough help, and led us to believe that old songs could come true? What sort of gold have the washed down the river to give to us? Dragon-fire and ruin! Who should we decide to make amends to the damage that was suffered, and come to help for the widows and orphans who were a result of the damage?

I tried to make it a bit easier to understand by changing some words and if I left a couple lines as they were I felt they were easy enough to understand.

Explained:
"He has tonight earned an eminent place in the roll of the benefactor of our town; and he is worthy of many imperishable songs..."
So basically they are telling in present tense that this man has earned his 'name' or 'place' as being the new 'sheriff' in a way as a benefctor is someone who comes to help people or causes sort of like a town sheriff or knight in shining armour or 'savior', 'hero' etc. And for his good deeds or help given he is worthy of fables or stories of his heroism going through history in the form of songs. 

"But why, O People... why do I get all your blame? For what fault am i to be deposed?"
In this the person who was talking about this man turns to how the view of him has changed in the eyes of the people around him since the man came along and 'saved' them. He asks the a rhetorical question to the people of why he receives the 'blame'. By blame I'm guessing he means that he feels he is probably the only one to see how this man has also brought so much bad to the place and when e tries to tell people this, well its obvious that when everyone sees this man as a hero this person telling them he's not will be blamed for seeing bed in a 'hero' that is so good. I can only guess that the next line about him being deposed is talking about his position being replaced by the 'man'. So he's pretty much super upset and feels its unfair cause he got kicked out of his position and was replaced by the 'new guy' or 'man' that everyone loves. He feels like  a victim to majority vote without having any say and doesn't see any reason the people could have replaced him without him doing something horrible or bad or 'at fault'.

"Who aroused the dragon from his slumber, I might ask? Who obstained of us rich gifts and ample help, and led us to believe that old songs could come true?"
When asking 'who aroused the dragon from his slumber, I might ask?" He is asking another rhetorical question towards the people and without saying it putting the blame on this 'man' for waking up the dragon from it's sleep. The second line i think you meant t write 'abstained' not 'obstained' as i looked up 'obstained' and couldn't find any matches. Abstained means to restrain someone or something of enjoying something and in this case the person talking is referring to being abstained of 'rich gifts' and 'ample help' which could mean more than enough help from armies or legions or other people or towns even, etc. 'And led us to believe that old songs could come true' I think means that there were obviously some old fables or stories or prophecies in the form of songs and this 'man' had led everyone to believe that these, good or bad, 'songs' could come true and effect the people and their lives in drastic measures ( as possibly described in these songs that are talked about).

"What sort of gold have they sent down the river to reward us? Dragon-fire and ruin!"
This person then asks yet another rhetorical question to the people asking them to look back and realise that no 'reward' such as gold or jewels or gems were sent 'down the river' to them. But from the dragons mountain were he slept, the only 'reward' that came 'down the river' to them was the dragon who wreaked havoc and destruction on the place with his fire and causing ruin.

"From whom should we claim the recompense of our damage, and aid for our widows and orphans?"Lastly this bitter or upset or angry person refers to the 'man' in a rhetorical question  saying that this 'man' is the one to blame for the horrible destruction on the place and he is the one, (if he is regarded as such a hero by everyone), to 'recompense', make amends to the people for the loss and harm and 'damage' that was caused to the place because 'he' woke up the dragon and the dragon ruined them and the place. To add more effect to his speech he finishes it off by saying this 'man' or 'hero' should be the one to 'aid' and 'help' the widows and the orphans that became 'widows and orphans' because of the destruction caused by the dragon who was woken up from his slumber by this 'man'.