Answer:
Conditioned stimulus
Explanation:
The complete question is as follows :
A person eats a hamburger at a restaurant and develops a very bad stomach ache after finishing eating. As a result of the sudden illness, the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore. Just thinking about them makes the person feel sick to the stomach. In this, a hamburger is a______
a. an unconditioned stimulus
b. an unconditioned response
c. a conditioned stimulus
d. a conditioned response
e. a negative reinforcer
- A type of learning that occurs as a result of an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus is known as classical conditioning.
- In classical conditioning there are different types of stimulus - one of them is an unconditional stimulus and the other is a conditional stimulus.
- an unconditional stimulus is the one that occurs naturally and generates a response whereas a conditional stimulus is a neutral stimulus that gets associated with an unconditional stimulus and then generates a response.
- In the given situation, seeing and eating the hamburger was a neutral stimulus for the person however once he develops a bad stomach, he associates this with an unconditioned stimulus and thus, whenever he sees it he feels sick to the stomach and hence, the hamburger here is a conditional stimulus.
Many plants are able to propagate themselves using this method, the asexual reproduction. this method has two main types, which is the vegetative reproduction and the apomixis. vegetative reproduction results in new plants individual without the production of seeds or spores.
Answer:
To separate DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA is loaded into pre-cast wells in the gel and a current applied.
Explanation:
The phosphate backbone of the DNA (and RNA) molecule is negatively charged, therefore when placed in an electric field, DNA fragments will migrate to the positively charged anode.
Transcription is the process that converts the genetic information stored in dna to an RNA copy. The complementary RNA strand that has formed is released from the DNA-RNA complex.
Transcription is the initial step in gene expression in which RNA polymerase copies (transcribes) a DNA molecule into RNA (mRNA). The transcribing process is separated into three stages:
RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to the gene promoter to initiate transcription. RNA polymerase unwinds the double helix of DNA (a transcription bubble forms). Elongation occurs when RNA polymerases add nucleotides that are complementary to DNA. Termination - RNA polymerase reaches the stop codon (transcribes a terminator sequence of DNA).
Learn more about Transcription
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DNA copying is otherwise known as DNA replication which is the process of producing 2 identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule during cell division. DNA copying is important because it generates variation during sexual reproduction which leads to evolution. Also, DNA copying helps in transfer of information or characters from the parents to the offsprings.
Mendel studied traits with only one mode of inheritance in pea plants. The inheritance of the traits he studied all followed the relatively simple pattern of dominant and recessive alleles for a single characteristic. There are several important modes of inheritance, discovered after Mendel’s work, that do not follow the dominant and recessive, single-gene model.
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