I think this is C. Humanism. If you're learning about the Renaissance now, it's more likely the answer is humanism. :)
I don’t see multi-way choice but here’s an explanation
Because Democrats are associated with socialism while republicans want more independence. You see that in political examples.
Democrats want gun control I.e. federal government being involved
Republicans are against abortion
I.e. they don’t want the government to pay for Medicare/paid leave/etc. they don’t want the government involved as much-making them independent.
The countries that rebelled mostly against Ottoman rule were Balkan countries such as Serbia and Montenegro.
