c. During the rule of the Umayyad caliphs
Secularism comes from the word secular, meaning “of this world”. Before the Renaissance, medieval Christian civilization had been largely concerned with faith and salvation in the afterlife. ... The art of the period in particular exhibited this secular spirit, showing detailed and accurate scenery, anatomy, and nature.
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Explanation:
Most of the slaves held by West Africans in the late 1800s used to grow food crops. The chapter of slavery in America started in 1619 when 20 salves were brought by the The White Lion in Virgina.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, black slaves worked basically on the tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations of the southern coast, from the Maryland and Chesippe Bay colonies to Georgia in the south.
wait what -.- i dont get it
Paine states that mankind was originally at a state of equality and the subsequent appearance of all distinctions between human beings have to been brought about by an unnatural circumstance. This distinction between people is "not one of heaven".
Pain believes that men have committed a serious mistake when deciding to have someone other than God to govern them. In the past, a person worthy of certain honors would be named as ruler. From them on, his descendants were expected to inherit the ruler's power. This is a practice that has been going on until today. However, Paine considers this to be a mistaken practice, as no person deserves any sort of honors that belonged to his descendants.
