The challenges that the Andean and mid-latitude countries have faced since gaining independence were <u>of achieve the objective of consolidating a strong and stable democracy</u>, <u>of establishing a firm and solid economy</u> and <u>of overcoming the social crises that several dictators left behind,</u> because after the Andean and mid-latitude countries obtained their independences <em>(Since the 18th century)</em>, they had to conquer and overcome several difficulties such as <u>the need of establish strong countries with stable democracies and economies,</u> and also <u>surpass the social crises that some dictatorships left in some countries.</u>
New technologies like steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs which made communication and transporting goods and materials across the country with ease turned many local businesses into national companies.