French King Phillip IV moved Pope to Avignon, which caused a weaker church.
Germany was part of the Axis Powers.
That was sooo creativvveeee let me hit
<span>The
expansion of the Ottoman empire,in particular their capture of
Constantinople in 1453,cut off Europe from traditional overland trade
routes east.This meant these land routes had to bypassed if Europeans
were to get the spices,silk,and other Eastern trade goods they
needed,and the only way to do this was by sea. Hope that helps</span>
