Answer: No, Paul has not breached a contract.
Explanation: To answer this, we must first we must define what a contract is.
A contract is an agreement between two or more people that is legally binding, and which guides or governs the actions or conducts of the parties involved. 
A quality that makes a contract legally binding is that it is enforceable by law. 
In the scenario given in the question above, Paul has not breached any contract because there isn't one. The promise to buy dinner has not been legally bound, therefore, it is not enforceable by law, in essence, it is not qualified to be called a contract. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
 Answer: Sheldon focuses or specialize on running errands and Leonard in washing dishes; 
they trade at 1 errand run per 20 dishes washed
Explanation:
Sheldon focuses or specialize on running errands and Leonard in washing dishes; thus this the individual specialization 
they trade at 1 errand run per 20 dishes washed this is the terms of trade they both can agree on.
 
        
             
        
        
        
The answer to this question is a problem. 
Problem is a situation that everybody encounters that is needed for a solution or a specific result. Problems cannot be ignored or avoided, a person should should know how to solve it and deal with the problem once it hits you. In order to deal with problems, a person should always focus on the outcome and the possible solution to it.
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Assuming that no changes happened, 2020 sales and expenses should be similar to 2019's:
                                        Total                        Per unit
Total sales                   $1,842,400                   $28
Variables costs           <u>($1,184,400)</u>                  <u>($18)</u>
Contribution margin    $658,000                    $10
Fixed costs                 <u>($498,000)</u>                  <u>($7.57)</u>
Operating income       $160,000                    $2.43
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Market failure
Explanation:
Market failure is the economic situation where goods and services are not evenly spread out on the market. 
In question resources (location) is in favour of New Monopoly seaport and shipsbare forced to wait and enter the port.
Ideally, in a free market resources are to be efficiently distributed so that people do not have to go to only one place to get a good or service.
It is similar to a monopoly in the free market.