Cases involving violations of the U.S. Constitution.
Cases between citizens of different states if the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.
Cases involving violations of federal laws.
Claiming Bankruptcy.
copyrighting or patenting.
When Nixon resigned, "Gerald Ford" became president, since Nixon and his administration had been irreversibly tarnished from the Watergate Scandal. Ford was actually the only President who was never elected as either Vice President or President.
Answer: The declaration of "state of emergency", "martial law" and other extraordinary measures is allowed by the Constitution because The National Emergencies Act is a United States federal law passed to end all previous national emergencies and to formalize the emergency powers of the President. The Act empowers the President to activate special powers during a crisis but imposes certain procedural formalities when invoking such powers.
Explanation:
This proclamation was within the limits of the act that established the United States Shipping Board. The first president to declare a national emergency was President Lincoln, during the American Civil War, when he believed that the United States itself was coming to an end, and presidents asserted the power to declare emergencies without limiting their scope or duration, without citing the relevant statutes, and without congressional oversight. The Supreme Court in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer limited what a president could do in such an emergency, but did not limit the emergency declaration power itself. It was due in part to concern that a declaration of "emergency" for one purpose should not invoke every possible executive emergency power, that Congress in 1976 passed the National Emergencies Act.
