Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer: Discus immune response to a pathogen through the oral (oral-anus) and respiratory route Discus immune response to a pathogen through the oral (oral-anus) and respiratory route Expert Answer The body is resistant to various pathogens through passive and active immunity.
Explanation: Periodontal pathogens may also present differences in their ability to induce immune responses from the host; thus, we evaluated the effects of various oral bacteria on the expression of AMPs and IL-8 by gingival epithelial cells.
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Bulimia An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging or consuming a large amount of food in a short amount of time, followed by an attempt to rid oneself of the food content (purging).
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein found in trace amounts in normal serum.
<h3>What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?</h3>
- C-reactive protein (CRP) is a ring-shaped pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose concentrations increase due to irritation and inflammation.
- It is an acute-phase protein of originating in liver that rises in concentration after interleukin-6 discharge by macrophages and T cells.
- A C-reactive protein test checks for irritation in the body. Irritation can be brought about by contamination, injury, or constant illness.
- A C-reactive protein (CRP) test estimates the degree of C-reactive protein in your blood. Your liver deliveries CRP into your circulatory system in light of irritation.
- Medical services suppliers utilize this test to help analyze and screen a few unique reasons for irritation, like diseases and certain immune system conditions.
- A CRP test result of 1.0 to 10.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is for the thought to be a reasonably high level.
- This outcome might demonstrate any of the accompanying conditions like inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular failure (myocardial localized necrosis), pancreatitis, bronchitis.
- A CRP test consequence of in excess of 10 mg/dL is thought to be a marked increase in CRP.
- This outcome might demonstrate any of the accompanying circumstances like intense bacterial diseases, viral contaminations, systemic vasculitis, significant injury or trauma.
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