Answer: The Chinese valued the communication of ideas.
Explanation:
Paper was a very important invention in China as it was used to communicate ideas, literature and even maps. Along with printing and calligraphy, paper enabled literacy to spread around the country as scholars were able to properly enunciate ideas in writing for many to understand.
Even religious leaders such as Buddhist monks were able to spread teachings due to the arrival of paper and paper remains a way of communication of ides even now.
Answer:
The entire structure of European society changed during the 12th and 13th centuries, and there was a time when this change was attributed largely to the Crusades. Historians now, however, tend to view the Crusades as only one, albeit significant, factor in Europe’s development. It is likely that the disappearance of old families and the appearance of new ones can be traced in part to the Crusades, but generalizations must be made with caution. It should, moreover, be remembered that, while some Crusaders sold or mortgaged their property, usually to ecclesiastical foundations, others bequeathed it to relatives. The loss of life was without doubt considerable; many Crusaders, however, did return to their homes.
The sectors acquired by burgeoning Italian cities in the Crusader states enabled them to extend their trade with the Muslim world and led to the establishment of trade depots beyond the Crusade frontiers, some of which lasted long after 1291. The transportation they provided was significant in the development of shipbuilding techniques. Italian banking facilities became indispensable to popes and kings. Catalans and Provençals also profited, and, indirectly, so did all of Europe. Moreover, returning Crusaders brought new tastes and increased the demand for spices, Oriental textiles, and other exotic fare. But such demands can also be attributed to changing lifestyles and commercial growth in Europe itself.
The establishment of the Franciscan and Dominican friars in the East during the 13th century made possible the promotion of missions within the Crusade area and beyond. Papal bulls granted special facilities to missionary friars, and popes sent letters to Asian rulers soliciting permission for the friars to carry on their work. Often the friars accompanied or followed Italian merchants, and, since the Mongols were generally tolerant of religious propaganda, missions were established in Iran, the Asian interior, and even China. But, since Islamic law rigidly prohibited propaganda and punished apostasy with death, conversions from Islam were few. The Dominican William of Tripoli had some success, presumably within the Crusaders’ area; he and his colleague Riccoldo di Monte Croce both wrote perceptive treatises on Islamic faith and law. Other missionaries usually failed, and many suffered martyrdom. In the 14th century the Franciscans were finally permitted to reside in Palestine as caretakers for the holy places but not as missionaries.
Explanation:
In 1943, the US got involved in the longest war, the Vietnam War. The President during that time was Lyndon Johnson. He had made a campaign with the pretense that he was a pacifist. However, he later on adopted the viewpoint that the war could not be avoided by the US to enter because of what happened in the Gulf of Tonkin. Because there was no adequate proof about the subject, the US navy did not believe the second attack – the Gulf of Tonkin incident was only a justification for the passing of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. When Congress passed the resolution, President Johnson was given full military power. That started the US into a long and violent war against the North Vietnamese with millions of casualties based on event that never really occurred. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was merely a justification for a resolution passed by the US Congress to enter in<span>to war against North Vietnam. However, the whole pretense for getting into the war did not happen which makes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution </span>unconstitutional.<span> </span>
Forces like<span> wind and water break down rocks through the </span>processes of weathering and erosion<span>. </span>Weathering<span> is the </span>process<span> that breaks down rocks. ... </span>Weathering and erosion<span> help shape Earth's surface. They are part of a </span>process<span> called the rock cycle.</span>
A. Eisenhower Doctrine
This was so that any Middle Eastern state who felt under aggressive pressure from another country could ask for the help of the United States. Although he did not explicitly state that it was for Communist or Soviet aggression, this has been widely mentioned as being the motivating factor for the President's speech in front of Congress. Eisenhower felt that if he had a strong stance against the Soviet Union, this would help the Soviets from advancing into different continents and implementing their Communist views.
