Answer:
Enlightenment thinkers in Britain, in France and throughout Europe questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change. The Enlightenment produced numerous books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions.
Explanation:
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This year marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, and today the four surviving copies of the 1215 document have been brought together for the first time in London.
What is it?
Magna Carta, which means ‘The Great Charter’, is one of the most important documents in history as it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law, even the king, and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial.
King John signing the Magna Carta
Confucianism emerged as a philosophy of social conduct rather than as a belief in one or more deities.
According to historical records, the populist movement was considered a reaction to the second industrial revolution because it tackled the sociopolitical and economic challenges of that era.
The second industrial revolution was characterized by:
- railroad construction and ownership by privates,
- mass production of different products, particularly iron and steel,
- electrical energy generation, amongst others.
The populist movement reacted to these new challenges and opportunities because many of the second industrial revolutions were initiated by private individuals whose motives were to earn profits through their investments.
The drive for profits in the second industrial revolution leads to the rise of capitalism in which the populist movement is against.
For instance, populist movement demands include:
- eight working hours per day,
- graduated income tax,
- government ownership of railroads and telephones, etc.
All the demands above were raised as a result of the second industrial revolution.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the populist movement was a reaction to the second industrial revolution in many ways.
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