Layers of the soil are called horizons. Here are the horizons:
- Humus
- Topsoil
- Subsoil
- Fragmented rock
- Bedrock
Once a soil has developed, it forms layers called horizons. Beneath a surface layer of a plant remains, the topsoil is rich in decomposed plants and animal matter. The subsoil is mainly mineral particles, with much less organic material. The fragmented rock/bedrock is primarily small stones, and beneath it lies all bedrock.
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Answer:
Photosynthesis play important role in the cycling of matter into and out of the organisms as photosynthesis is the process in which plants utilize carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and releases oxygen (O2) and energy in the form of carbohydrate or sugar. Other organisms utilizes these oxygen and energy or carbohydrate for the chemical reaction in their body.
So, photosynthesis take carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from outside as input and gives oxygen (O2) and energy as output.
Answer:
Culture, Topography, and Climate
South Asia is a really difficult place to try and centralize the countries. A big problem are the large populations in the countries, with the likes of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh all being in one of the most populated countries in the world, so centralizing them would mean that hundreds of millions of people will either live on the verge of existence (even worse than it is now), or will be moving towards the city where the centralization will be taking place, and there's no such place that can function properly if that amount of people flood in it. Another problem is that there's multiple cities that are very big, with millions of people living in them, and if centralization takes place, they will start to decline in every aspect, and that will cause huge problems of all sorts on national level.
NASA satellite observations and citizen science helped build a database called HIVE-OS to help local businesses understand variables like soil moisture and plants that affect honeybee health.
