I think the correct answer would be the second option. The Soviet Union joined the allies because Hitler had broken a pact and attacked. The pact was called the German-Soviet nonaggression pact. This pact was regarded by Hitler as a tactical move. It was signed on the year 1940 and after a year Hitler attacked the Soviet Union.
create inferior courts as necessary
The correct answer is “They believed the emphasis on the scientific method would bring Europe out of darkness”
The Enlightenment was a period of the rule of the scientific method, it was a moment when the Church lost influence over the academia and the importance of philosophers such as Voltaire, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Rousseau, Adam Smith, and others.
During this period science was ruling, this way there was a creation of scientific methods, the secularization of learning, religious tolerance - in contrast of the power the Church had before - and separation between Church and State.
There was a thought that rational thought would improve humanity because it did not involve personal interests and beliefs.
The battles between rebellious farmers and government militias alarmed many citizens of the young United States because the United States had so recently fought the Revolutionary War and was still recovering. Many of the soldiers fighting for the Regulators and the government militias had fought together during the Revolutionary War. The fact that the fighting occurred between different groups of US citizens was shocking and surprising.
