Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+ in the the kidneys. Aldosterone is classified as a steroid hormone that is being produced and secreted in the adrenal cortex. It stimulates the reabsorption of these ions by increasing the activity of the sodium and potassium pumps and the leakage channels of the sodium and the potassium ions. This hormone would activate the electrogenic channels of these ions located in the apical membrane increasing the synthesis of the channels. The secretion of this hormone is being stimulated by the low plasma sodium ion concentration, high plasma concentration of the potassium ions and the angiotensin 2.
Answer:
Why Redi and Pasteur refute the theory of spontaneous generation.
This study serves as a proof of concept that complete organs
can be grown from harvested stem cells and, when transplanted, achieve normal
function, the authors said, hopefully advancing the field from stem cell
transplantation for organ repair towards full organ replacement.
A. is the answer. Antibiotics kill bacteria which are living, but since viruses aren’t living, antibiotics will not work.
I have not researched into this area but I can think of a few explanations.
1) Food prices have decreased due to globalisation which has lead to an increase in portion sizes and overconsumption. Food prices are much cheaper these days as globalisation has allowed us to grow and produce food much cheaper in LICs (low income countries). This means Americans are more likely to consume more food as it is cheaper.
2) Fat is not the only cause of obesity: In the 1970s-1980s the popularity of low fat "health" foods skyrocketed (and has maintained popularity to this day). To compensate for the lower fat the amount of sugar was increased. Sugar is as bad or even worse than fat when it comes to causing obesity so replacing fat with it does not stop the rise of obesity.
This is a very interesting question and I could write many many more hypothetical answers so this is just scratching the surface.
Hope it helps.