Answer:
In quiet breathing inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
Explanation:
Respiration process involves two different stages, inspiration - inhalation- and expiration - exhalation-.
During inspiration, the diaphragm <u>contracts</u> and goes down, while intercostal muscles also <u>contract</u> and go up. These actions enhance the size of the thoracic box and <u>reduce internal pressure</u>. As a result, air flows in and fills the lungs.
During expiration, the <u>diaphragm relaxes</u> and the volume of the thoracic box diminishes, which causes the <u>pressure inside to increase</u>. In consequence, the lungs contract and the air is expulsed outside.
Answer:
Regulon
Explanation:
A regulon comprises of a group of operons that are controlled by the same regulatory protein referred to as a regulator which could act as a repressor or activator.
Regulons in bacterial cells are referred to as the fundamental unit of the response system. Regulons are majorly used when referring to prokaryotes that have their genome organized to operons, although this term is not limited to that. The genes that are found in a regulon are arranged into two or more operons at different regions on the chromosome.
Answer:
AB
Explanation:
Blood group is discovered by famous scientist Karl Landsteiner in the year 1990. Co-dominance is the expression of the two alleles in the heterozygotes. In AB type, the two different alleles are present and they are expressed.
However in ABO type, it is govern by three allele namely A, B and O type. If only the antigen A is present, it is called A blood type. When only B antigen is present it is called B blood type and when both A and B are present, it is called AB blood type. And if neither of the antigen are present, it is called the O blood type.
The allele O is of recessive to both the blood type A and B. So a person with O blood type have two copies of O allele. But however A and B blood type are dominant of O, a person with A blood type may have one of the two genotypes -- AO or AA. Similarly, with blood type B, the genotypes are BO or BB.
Answer: humoral immune response
The main antibody isotypes in the influenza-specific humoral immune response are IgA, IgM and IgG. Mucosal or secretory IgA antibodies are produced locally and transported along the mucus of the respiratory tract by transepithelial transport and can afford local protection from infection of airway epithelial cells.
