Answer:
b) blastic red blood cell (RBC).
Explanation:
In excess of 340 blood group antigens have now been described that vary between individuals. Thus, any unit of blood that is nonautologous represents a significant dose of alloantigen. Most blood group antigens are proteins, which differ by a single amino acid between donors and recipients. Approximately 1 out of every 70 individuals are transfused each year (in the United States alone), which leads to antibody responses to red blood cell <u>(RBC) alloantigens</u> in some transfusion recipients. When alloantibodies are formed, in many cases, RBCs expressing the antigen in question can no longer be safely transfused. However, despite chronic transfusion, only 3% to 10% of recipients (in general) mount an alloantibody response. In some disease states, rates of alloimmunization are much higher (eg, sickle cell disease). For patients who become alloimmunized to multiple antigens, ongoing transfusion therapy becomes increasingly difficult or, in some cases, impossible. While alloantibodies are the ultimate immune effector of humoral alloimmunization, the cellular underpinnings of the immune system that lead to ultimate alloantibody production are complex, including antigen consumption, antigen processing, antigen presentation, T-cell biology.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
because Ganglia were the evolutionary precursor to the centralized concentration of neurons that we now call a brain.
Huh lol? do you have a question or something
Especially in patients with coagulopathy, trauma to the GI mucosa during NG tube insertion may cause GI bleeding. Due to ongoing irritation and pressure necrosis, prolonged use of an NG tube might result in the development of ulcers.
A disturbance of the sympathetic nervous system that alters the tone of the blood vessels is referred to as neurogenic shock. Without sympathetic tone, blood cannot adequately circulate throughout the body, which causes temperature dysregulation, a reduced heart rate, and low blood pressure.
<h3>What does the word "shock" mean ?</h3>
Shock, a dangerous condition, could be brought on by the abrupt drop in blood flow throughout the body. Shock can be brought on by trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, allergies, severe illnesses, poisoning, severe burns, and other situations. A person in shock doesn't get enough blood or oxygen to their organs.
- The four basic types of shock are obstructive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and distributive shock.
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High-fructose corn syrup, sorbitol and sucrose are the nutritive sweeteners.
Nutritive sweeteners, conjointly referred to as caloric sweeteners or sugars, give energy within the style of carbohydrates. Non-nutritive sweeteners, conjointly known as sugar substitutes or artificial sweeteners, are alternatives that contain zero or terribly low amounts of carbohydrates or energy.
Sorbitol is a form of carbohydrate known as a sugar alcohol, or polyol. Sorbitol contains regarding third fewer calories than sugar and is sixty % as sweet. Sorbitol occurs naturally in a very sort of berries and fruits (e.g., apples and blackberries).
Ingestion an excessive amount of high-fructose corn syrup may promote weight gain, and neither sweetener has any wholesome worth on the far side the calories.
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