The answer is: Citations
Citations is a short reference that is placed on a certain writing in order to provide the readers with the information that some of the data placed in the writing is taken from outside sources.
The data that included from those outside sources often only in small fractions. So the citation is made so the readers could identify the source and evaluate the data by themselves.
The correct answer is <span>a. He waged war against defiant nobles.
He is known for having defeated defiant nobles and helping make France a centralized state completely controlled by the King and by himself.</span>