In Brown vs Board of Education the Supreme Court that segregation in schools was NOT constitutional. This is important because it marked the end of the “separate but equal” idea that lasted for nearly a century.
Encounters between European navigators, explorers, conquerors, colonizers, merchants, missionaries and "other" peoples and cultures over the course of 4 centuries. At an immediate and practical level, conquest, colonization and trade led to modes of domination or coexistence and multi-faceted transcultural relationships. In Europe, such encounters with "otherness" led to attempts to explain and interpret the origins and nature of racial and cultural (linguistic, religious and social) diversity. At the same time, observation of alien societies, cultures and religious practices broadened the debate on human social forms, leading to a critical reappraisal of European Christian civilization.
I think it's the telephone because it allows people to communicate better and customers or workers don't have to walk up to everyone and disturb them. You may elaborate more on this with your own opinion
natural disasters and increased demnd for food.
Not sure according to your choices sorry :(