Answer:
Split into kingdoms and city-states.
Explanation:
In the early 19th century, Italy was split into several small kingdoms, princedoms and city-states, and this had been the political reality of Italy since the Middle Ages.
Some of these smaller Italian states were under the control of foreign powers, like Piedmont, which was controlled by Savoy. However, most of them were more or less independent.
Answer:
Some states with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies and in some cases assumed direct control over colonies previously held by non-state entities. European states as well as the United States and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined. Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to expand their empires in Africa. Trade in some commodities was organized in a way that gave merchants and companies based in Europe and the U.S. a distinct economic advantage. The need for raw materials for factories and increased food supplies for the growing population in urban centers led to the growth of export economies around the world that specialized in commercial extraction of natural resources and the production of food and industrial crops. The profits from these raw materials were used to purchase finished goods. Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anti-colonial movements. Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, including direct resistance within empires and the creation of new states on the peripheries. Increasing discontent with imperial rule led to rebellions, some of which were influenced by religious ideas.
Explanation:
B. Judicial branch
The Judicial branch upholds the constitution, and enforces it. The legislative branch puts them in check.
