b. commensalism
d. coyote is at the top of that chain so it gets the least energy
c. mistletoe is a parasite. the other options aren't symbiotic relationships
Answer:
<h2> any organism containing the DNA of interest</h2>
Explanation:
- Such type of process in which the modification of the genes of the organisms takes place is known as genetic modification and also called genetic manipulation or genetic engineering.
- In such type of the process, the branch of biological science that is known as biotechnology is used.
- In this mechanism, genes of interest are separated from the certain organism and then this gene of interest is inserted into the host organism and such type of DNA that is formed after the addition of foreign genes or DNA is called recombinant DNA.
- Such type of DNA is used in the production of genetically modified organisms and some other fields for the benefit of human beings.
Answer:
4 ATP molecules
Explanation:
Normally, about 11 ATP molecules are generated as the result of Beta-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid in Kreb's Cycle. But the total removal of acetyl-CoA under certain aerobic condition decreases the overall yield and approximately 4 ATP molecules comes out from each removal of acetyl-CoA.
