The subarctic climate<span> is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters</span><span>, and short, ... In some areas, ice </span>has<span> scoured rock surfaces bare, entirely stripping off the overburden. ... </span>has<span> an average temperature of less than 10 °C (</span><span>50 °F), and the </span>subarctic climate<span> grades into a </span>tundra<span> climate even less suitable for trees hope this helps</span>
Sun-Yat Sen was the father of "modern China".
These notorious demands were issued at a time of shifting balance of power in East Asia. With the Qing dynasty’s humiliating defeat in the first Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), regional dominance for the first time had moved from China to Japan. Japan’s ambitions in China were further emboldened by its decisive victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), which affirmed the Japanese presence in south Manchuria and Korea. The 1911 Revolution brought an end to the Qing dynasty and ushered in the Republican era in China, but China remained a pushover in the face of pressure from Western Powers. Furthermore, Yuan’s ruling status itself was shaky due to threats from competing local warlords. World War I granted Japan a perfect opportunity to push the envelope even more with China. As the war was underway in Europe, the Japanese hoped that other major powers would show little interest in countering Japanese expansion in China. For these reasons, Japanese Foreign Minister Kato was convinced that the filing of an ultimatum buttressed by the war threat would cause China to accept all the demands. so basically to control most of asia
They had to lean the language to survive
But that all I know
The first one "Both dynasties promoted in principles of Buddhism." is one of them (I'm positive) and I'm thinking the lats one "Both dynasties maintained a standing Army, but I'm not positive about this one!!