For Montesquieu, despotism was one of the worst threats for a government. He pointed separation of powers as the best way to prevent it, in which legislative, executive and judicial power was excercised by different bodies of government, and these bodies were ruled by supreme law.
The system of checks and balances is very important for the U.S. government, since it was developed to assure that neither of the government's branches would empower too much. The writers of the U.S. Constitution developed a system that divides power between legislative, executive and judicial, and incorporates several limits and controls on the powers of every branch.
Answer:
It conflicts with it because the establishment clause prohibits the state from endorsing a specific religion or choosing it as an official religion of the state or from establishing their own religion. Although they personally have the right to free speech in being religious, they don't have it as representatives of the state because states are secular and have no religion. All people are people of the state, not just those that are related to the majority religion
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The main cause of the war was the rapid rise of the Athenians. Secondly, there was already tension between the Athenians and Sparta, so this was another reason.
