Can someone explain DNA replication

1 answer:

8 0

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential.

DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. During replication, these strands are separated. Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. As a result of semi-conservative replication, the new helix will be composed of an original DNA strand as well as a newly synthesized strand.[1] Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication.

In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands, accommodated by an enzyme known as helicase, results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase.

DNA replication (DNA amplification) can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) are examples.

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All of the following are TRUE except:

Phoenix [80]

Answer:

Explanation:

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Lipids in a bilayer can diffuse laterally at a relatively fast rate, but \"flip-flop\" from one leaflet to the other very slowly

natima [27]

Answer:

flippases translocate lipids from outer (extracellular) leaflet to inner (cytosolic) leaflet,

floppases, move phospholipids from inner (cytoplasmic) leaflet to outer (extracellular) leaflet, ABC transporter, move phospolipids across the lipid bilayer down the concentration gradient

scramblases Not ATP-dependent, Activation may result in increased membrane lipid symmetry, translocate phosphatidylserine, preventing apoptosis and engulfment by macrophages,

Explanation:

Flipases are transportes that require energy for their functioning (ATP dependent) beause they move phospolipids across the lipid bilayer against the concentration gradient (from extracellular side to cytosolic side).

Floppases are ABC transporters, opposite than flippases (move phospholipids from the cytosolic side).

Scrablases are bidirectional transporters, responsible for asymmetry formation. It also enables exposure of phosphatidylserineon the outer leaflet when it is necessary.

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3 years ago