The correct answers to these open questions are the following.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the use of presentence investigation reports?
The advantage is that this kind of background investigation can lead to a considerable reduction of the sentence if the authority finds a considerable reason to do so. On the other hand, the disadvantage or risk is that a failure in the investigation provokes an incorrect decision about the right sentence for the criminal.
Should factors such as education, family, work history, and prior criminal history have an impact on sentencing?
Yes, they should. That is part of the investigation. If the criminal has had a previous "normal" life, with no serious conflicts at all, those factors can be contemplated to reduce the sentence of the individual.
Should any external factors make a difference? Yes, that is why there is this kind of investigation. The probation officer has the responsibility of preparing this presentence investigation report and has the faculty to consider the element it deems necessary to severely punish a criminal or reduce the sentence to help it.
<span>Oligarchy</span><span>
We can be sure that ancient civilizations knew of and were concerned about infectious diseases from several facts. The hunter gatherers rarely suffered from water borne diseases. They knew that the water that stank or did not taste well was not good to intake. Their main knowledge came from experience. During the Greek period several doctors like Alcmaeon of Croton were mentioned and hence they must have had the knowledge about infectious diseases like Cholera. Several other infectious disease treatment have also been mentioned during the Greek period. </span>
I believe the answer is: C. Death
In western society, footman refers to the people who had the duty to admitting visitors to a certain place.
<span><em>I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker, . .. </em>could be interpreted into the fact that the writer has already past his prime age.
So, eternal footman could be interpreted as death that await the writer before he leave the realm of the living.</span>
The answer is A. precedent
