Western Europe 1450-1750 the Roman Catholic church would no longer maintain its unity as a result of the Protestant Reformation ( new sects like Anclicanism,Lutheranism and Calvinism), Wars over religion (30yrs war) would see 1/3 of the population decimated, however reforms of the Catholic church (counter reformation)
Manifest destiny made it to where the united states and americans were trying to expand everywhere, this meant that Americans were also going into other countries land (especially Mexico's) A large group of farmers lead by John Austin made an agreement with Mexico to where they would bring mexicans amd farm Texas. They did not fully comply to all the rules in the agreement. Because the United States had land on the borders of Texas with a strong army and americans already in Texas they basically said this is our land amd started a war ending in the anexation of Texas.
53% of people live in cities and suburbs.
The California Gold Rush may be considered a pull factor, because people were being drawn to California because of the discovery of gold in that state.
Hope this helps!